Pantoea vagans C9-1

Pantoea vagans (strain C9-1) is a Gram-negative enterobacterial plant epiphyte isolated from apple (Malus x domestica "Jonathan", MI, USA). P. vagans is an important biocontrol agent that is registered in the United States and Canada as Blight Ban C9-1. It is one of the most effective commercial agents against fire blight, a major threat to global pome fruit production caused by the related enterobacterium Erwinia amylovora. Applied during bloom, P. vagans provides effective disease control, similar to oxytetracycline and slightly lower than streptomycin treatments. It is generally considered as nonpathogenic, because it lacks virulence determinants such as type III secretion systems (T3SS), while some contain a T3SS described as a nonpathogenic type. Several Pantoea species are yellow pigmented due to production of carotenoids and the carotenoid biosynthesis is encoded on plasmid pPag3. (Adapted from PMID: 20952567 and 20487014). (EBI Integr8)