Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228

Gram-positiveCocciNon-motileFacultative anaerobe

Kingdom

Bacillati

Phylum

Bacillota

Class

Bacilli

Order

Caryophanales

Family

Staphylococcaceae

Genus

Staphylococcus

Description

Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 is a Gram-positive, cocci-shaped bacterium, categorized as a facultative anaerobe and a chemoheterotroph that thrives in a temperature range of 30-37°C. This microorganism is a common inhabitant of human skin and mucosal surfaces, particularly in areas such as the epidermis, nose, and various body orifices. Its resilient nature allows it to colonize medical devices and prosthetic implants, making it an important player in biofilm formation. As a Gram-positive organism, S. epidermidis retains crystal violet dye, presenting a purple hue under the microscope. Its cocci shape contributes to its ability to form characteristic clusters reminiscent of grapes, which is a hallmark of the Staphylococcus genus. This organism’s facultative anaerobic nature permits it to metabolize energy both in the presence and absence of oxygen, adapting to various environments within the human host. Additionally, as a chemoheterotroph, it derives its energy from organic compounds, which it sources from human tissues and skin flora. Despite being a normal skin commensal, S. epidermidis can act as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromised individuals or patients with implanted devices. Its ability to produce a polysaccharide biofilm makes it particularly adept at adhering to surfaces, which can lead to persistent infections. Notably, S. epidermidis is frequently involved in nosocomial infections, especially in patients with indwelling catheters and other foreign body implants. Its genetic adaptability also raises concerns regarding antibiotic resistance, highlighting the need for careful management in clinical settings.

Taxonomy

KingdomBacillati
PhylumBacillota
ClassBacilli
OrderCaryophanales
FamilyStaphylococcaceae
GenusStaphylococcus
SpeciesStaphylococcus epidermidis
StrainATCC 12228

Profile

Physiology
Gram staining propertiesPositive
ShapeCocci
MobilityNo
Flagellar presenceYes
Number of membranes1
Image of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228
Ecology, Host, and Life Cycle
Oxygen requirementsFacultative anaerobe
Optimal temperature30
Temperature rangeMesophilic
HabitatHostAssociated
Biotic relationshipFree living
Host(s)Homo sapiens
Cell arrangementClusters - Singles
SporulationNonsporulating
Energy sourceNot Available
PathogenicityYes

Genome Summary

Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228

Accession NumberNC_005007.1

Gene Summary

Adenine Count

1752 bp

Thymine Count

1440 bp

Guanine Count

865 bp

Cytosine Count

622 bp

Genome Length

4679 bp

Protein-coding Genes

6 genes

Non-Coding Genes

0 genes

# of Chromosomes/Plasmids

7

Genes

NameLocus TagUniProtStrandCoordinatesMolecular Weight
multicopper oxidase family proteinSE_RS00575Q8CQF6+122271 - 12370454073.0
ydhk family proteinSE_RS00580O05503+123724 - 12420617902.1
persulfide dioxygenase-sulfurtransferase cstbSE_RS00585Not Available-124678 - 12600649413.2
xre family transcriptional regulatorSE_RS00590Not Available-126025 - 12709638986.6
persulfide-sensing transcriptional repressor cstrSE_RS00595P54431+127235 - 1274959812.05
sulfite exporter taue/safe family proteinSE_RS00600P54437+127510 - 12825026111.1
arsenate reductase (thioredoxin)SE_RS00605Q5HKB7-128311 - 12870614693.4
arsenite efflux transporter membrane subunit arsbSE_RS00610Q8CQF4-128725 - 13001446841.5
metalloregulator arsr/smtb family transcription factorSE_RS00615P30338-130017 - 13033111681.1
arsenical pump-driving atpaseSE_RS00620O50593-130481 - 13220565387.9

Displaying genes 131 – 140 of 2437 in total

Pathways

0 pathways

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this bacterium yet.

Metabolites

17 records
Metabolite IDMetabolite nameStructureCAS number
BASm00002512-dehydropantoateC6H9O4Chemical structure of 2-dehydropantoateNot available
Average145.1333Da
Monoisotopic145.050083776Da
BASm0000387(6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateC20H21N7O6Chemical structure of (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateNot available
Average455.432Da
Monoisotopic455.1564286Da
BASm0001865diphosphateHO7P2Chemical structure of diphosphateNot available
Average174.95Da
Monoisotopic174.9213971Da
BASm00028782-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateC3H3O3SChemical structure of 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateNot available
Average119.11Da
Monoisotopic118.9808387Da
BASm0003187N-succinyl-(2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioateC11H16N2O7Chemical structure of N-succinyl-(2S,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioateNot available
Average288.257Da
Monoisotopic288.096848Da
BASm0003333(2R)-3-phosphoglycerateC3H4O7PChemical structure of (2R)-3-phosphoglycerateNot available
Average183.033Da
Monoisotopic182.9711102Da
BASm0003334aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphateC5H11O8PChemical structure of aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphateNot available
Average230.1098Da
Monoisotopic230.0191538Da
BASm0003389NADP(+)C21H25N7O17P3Chemical structure of NADP(+)Not available
Average740.386Da
Monoisotopic740.053624107Da
BASm0003432di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphateC55H89O7P2Chemical structure of di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphateNot available
Average924.259Da
Monoisotopic923.609999942Da
BASm0003462(2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateC13H19N4O12PChemical structure of (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate3031-95-6
Average454.2833Da
Monoisotopic454.0737086Da

Displaying 1–10 of 17 metabolites